Cold Sores: Causes, Triggers, and Treatment

Cold sores, or fever blisters, are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Once infected, the virus remains in the body for life, hiding in nerve cells and reactivating when triggered.

Causes and Triggers

HSV-1 is usually contracted in childhood through kissing or sharing items. Triggers for outbreaks include stress, illness, low immunity, hormonal changes, sun exposure, and fatigue.

Symptoms

Warning signs may include tingling, itching, or redness near the lips, followed by fluid-filled blisters that burst and crust over. Healing takes 2–4 weeks.

Treatment Options

While there’s no cure, early treatment helps. Antivirals like acyclovir or valacyclovir work best when taken at the first sign. OTC creams, pain relievers, and soothing natural remedies like aloe vera or lemon balm may ease discomfort.

Prevention and Care

Use SPF lip balm, manage stress, get adequate rest, and avoid close contact during outbreaks. Wash hands often and avoid sharing personal items.

With early care and healthy habits, cold sores can be managed effectively.